Figure 3. Spatial distribution of seismic hazard parameters for the Ryukyu subduction system derived from the updated Taiwan Earthquake Model (TEM PSHA2025; Gao et al., 2025). Green contours delineate along-strike segments of the subduction margin (NP1–NP5 for the Ryukyu Subduction Zone and SP1–SP4 for the Manila Subduction Zone), illustrating systematic along-strike variations in seismic productivity (a-values) and earthquake recurrence characteristics. Distinct differences between interface and intraslab seismicity highlight depth-dependent characteristic seismic behavior, while variations among segments demonstrate pronounced along-strike heterogeneity in the Ryukyu Subduction Zone. The star marks the epicenter of the 2025 magnitude 7.0 earthquake, located within a segment exhibiting elevated seismic productivity. Background colors show the 475-year PGA (g), emphasizing the combined influence of segmentation and depth-dependent source behavior on seismic hazard. Credit: Chan, 2026, CC BY-NC-ND 4.0.

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Figure 3. Spatial distribution of seismic hazard parameters for the Ryukyu subduction system derived from the updated Taiwan Earthquake Model (TEM PSHA2025; Gao et al., 2025). Green contours delineate along-strike segments of the subduction margin (NP1–NP5 for the Ryukyu Subduction Zone and SP1–SP4 for the Manila Subduction Zone), illustrating systematic along-strike variations in seismic productivity (a-values) and earthquake recurrence characteristics. Distinct differences between interface and intraslab seismicity highlight depth-dependent characteristic seismic behavior, while variations among segments demonstrate pronounced along-strike heterogeneity in the Ryukyu Subduction Zone. The star marks the epicenter of the 2025 magnitude 7.0 earthquake, located within a segment exhibiting elevated seismic productivity. Background colors show the 475-year PGA (g), emphasizing the combined influence of segmentation and depth-dependent source behavior on seismic hazard. Credit: Chan, 2026, CC BY-NC-ND 4.0.

Figure 3. Spatial distribution of seismic hazard parameters for the Ryukyu subduction system derived from the updated Taiwan Earthquake Model (TEM PSHA2025; Gao et al., 2025). Green contours delineate along-strike segments of the subduction margin (NP1–NP5 for the Ryukyu Subduction Zone and SP1–SP4 for the Manila Subduction Zone), illustrating systematic along-strike variations in seismic productivity (a-values) and earthquake recurrence characteristics. Distinct differences between interface and intraslab seismicity highlight depth-dependent characteristic seismic behavior, while variations among segments demonstrate pronounced along-strike heterogeneity in the Ryukyu Subduction Zone. The star marks the epicenter of the 2025 magnitude 7.0 earthquake, located within a segment exhibiting elevated seismic productivity. Background colors show the 475-year PGA (g), emphasizing the combined influence of segmentation and depth-dependent source behavior on seismic hazard. Credit: Chan, 2026, CC BY-NC-ND 4.0.

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