By David Jacobson, Temblor
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2001 El Salvador Earthquake refugees
For nearly 17 years, Salvadorans have been able to live in the U.S. without fear of deportation thanks to being a country with temporary protected status (T.P.S.). This law, first signed into effect in 1990 by President George Bush, grants protected status to immigrants from countries in which there is ongoing armed conflict, where there has been an environmental disaster, or where there are other extraordinary conditions. El Salvador was added to the list of countries in 2001 by President George W. Bush after large earthquakes devastated the country. However, yesterday, the Trump administration announced that it was ending temporary protection status for nearly 200,000 Salvadorans, meaning by September 9, 2019, they will have to leave the country, unless they have proper documentation.
The earthquakes that prompted President George W. Bush to add El Salvador to the list of countries with temporary protection status occurred in January and February of 2001, and had magnitudes of M=7.7 and M=6.6 respectively. In total, over 1,000 people lost their lives, and hundreds of thousands of buildings were either damaged or destroyed. In this earthquake, landslides wreaked havoc, as is common in the country due to steep slopes (see picture below). Additionally, clean water supplies were cut leading to sanitation problems and the spread of disease. Therefore, protection was extended to Salvadorians who felt they could not return or remain in their native country.
However, the Trump administration stated yesterday that, “the secretary determined that the original conditions caused by the 2001 earthquakes no longer exist. Thus, under the applicable statute, the current T.P.S. designation must be terminated.”
2010 Haiti Earthquake refugees
While Salvadorans make up the 61% of people with temporary protection status, they are not the only ones losing coverage. 46,000 Haitians, who were added to the list following the 2011 M=7.0 earthquake will have to leave by July 22, 2019. That earthquake struck near the capital city of Port-au-Prince, and killed over 100,000 people predominantly due to building collapse.
2015 Nepal Earthquake refugees
Though El Salvador and Haiti are being removed from the list of countries under temporary protection status, Nepal, devastated by the 2015 M=7.8 earthquake remains on the list. Nepal’s future status will be determined in the next few months as it is currently only extended through June 24, 2018. However, if the Department of Homeland Security deems that conditions in Nepal still support its designation for Temporary Protected Status, it could be extended for another 18 months.
Ceasing temporary protection status for countries ravaged by earthquakes highlights a key issue following large quakes: refugees. While these refugees have taken center stage because they will now be forced to leave the U.S., it is not something only developing countries must deal with. For example, following the 2011 M=9.1 Tohoku, Japan earthquake, nearly 290,000 people were still homeless two years after the earthquake. Therefore, in earthquake-prone countries, including the U.S., preparation must be stressed, and everything that can be done to protect citizens must happen.
References
NPR
New York Times
USGS
US Department of Homeland Security